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100 KULINARSKIH DELICIJA

arolija jedne lice Vegete ve je pola stoljea pri


ruci poetnicima i iskusnima. Nakon to je odgojila
generacije, stvarala modu i pruala najbolju moguu
korisniku podrku, Vegetina kuhinja nastavlja

Male tajne

Male tajne
nadahnjivati matovitim i iskuanim receptima. Nova
Vegetina kuharica ponovno otkriva radosti kuhanja i
najavljene i nenadane goste biranim, svjeim i
modernim jelima, a neodoljivi recepti Malih tajni neka
oaraju svako veselo drutvo za vaim stolom.

139,00 kn

100 KULINARSKIH DELICIJA

druenja za stolom. Mazite svoje ukuane, prijatelje,

Male tajne
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