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ABSTRACT Since early 1990s substance abuse and dependence among young people in our
country has been growing. Therefore to devise a prevention program should be a task
number one for the government. Social factors (economic and political crisis, forced
migration, unemployment, etc.), on one side, family disfunction and individual causes on the
other, can result in insecurity, fear, feeling of meaninglessness in the young mind and hence
the need to “solve” these problems by using one of psychoactive substances (PAS). Studies
have shown that the young and especially their families have a very poor knowledge of PAS
– their kinds and uses, how to recognize a person (ab)using PAS, and what somatic and
psychological consequences are produced by taking them. Social tolerance to alcohol use
and abuse is high, society is supportive of alcohol use, while on the other hand individuals
with substance dependence disorder are stigmatized and ostracized. The very first steps have
been made in investigating this problem, some action has been taken, but serious
comprehension of the problem and creation and realization of the national prevention
program for substance use disorder are still missing.
KEY WORDS substance abuse and dependence, youth, etiological factors of substance use
disorders, prevention of substance use disorders
Uvod
nemir, iza dosade tuga, socijalni strah, iza prkosa i bunta strah od odvajanja i
emocionalna privrženost roditeljima).
Afektivni poremećaji se smatraju najčešćim uzročnicima opredeljenja za
zloupotrebu opijata u adolescenciji. Pretpostavlja se da veliki broj naših zavisnika od
droga primarno ili sekundarno ispoljava trajne oblike depresivnih poremećaja.
Depresija se vezuje kako za tip ličnosti, tako i za konflikte u adolescentnom periodu
(Petrović, 2002).
Socijalni faktori se smatraju veoma značajnim, posebno u početnoj fazi
uzimanja supstance. Važni su modeli ponašanja koje predstavljaju roditelji, vršnjaci,
značajne osobe iz okruženja, zatim uticaj medija – reklamiranje alkoholnih pića i
cigareta, naročito od strane »poznatih i uspešnih ličnosti«, veliko tolerisanje užeg
okruženja i celog društva (Ramah, 2001).
Literatura